2D-S

In-situ measurements of arctic cloud particle size distribution and volumic cloud particle diffusion properties using the 2D stereoscopic (2D-S, SPEC Inc.) and Polar Nephelometer (Gayet et al., 1997) probes.

Each NetCDF file contains the data obtained during a single flight. The file contains the time, location and XXX of the measurements.

The following example demonstrates the use of the 2D-S data collected during the MOSAIC-ACA and AFLUX campaign.

If you have questions or if you would like to use the data for a publication, please don’t hesitate to get in contact with the dataset authors as stated in the dataset attributes contact or author.

Data access

• To analyse the data they first have to be loaded by importing the (AC)³airborne meta data catalogue. To do so the ac3airborne package has to be installed. More information on how to do that and about the catalog can be found here.

import os

# local caching
try:
    from dotenv import load_dotenv

    load_dotenv()

    local_storage = os.environ['INTAKE_CACHE']
except ImportError:
    local_storage = '/tmp/'

kwds = {'simplecache': dict(
    cache_storage=local_storage, 
    same_names=True
)}

Get data

import ac3airborne

List of flights, where 2D-S is available:

cat = ac3airborne.get_intake_catalog()

datasets = []
for campaign in ['AFLUX','MOSAiC-ACA']:
    datasets.extend(list(cat[campaign]['P5']['2D_SPEC']))
datasets

['AFLUX_P5_RF02',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF03',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF04',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF05',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF06',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF07',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF08',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF09',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF10',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF11',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF12',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF13',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF14',
 'AFLUX_P5_RF15',
 'MOSAiC-ACA_P5_RF05',
 'MOSAiC-ACA_P5_RF06',
 'MOSAiC-ACA_P5_RF07',
 'MOSAiC-ACA_P5_RF08',
 'MOSAiC-ACA_P5_RF09',
 'MOSAiC-ACA_P5_RF10',
 'MOSAiC-ACA_P5_RF11']

Dataset

To get an overview of the variables recorded by the 2D-S, we load the dataset of the first AFLUX flight AFLUX_P5_RF02.

ds_2ds = cat['AFLUX']['P5']['2D_SPEC']['AFLUX_P5_RF05'](storage_options=kwds).to_dask()
ds_2ds

/net/sever/mech/miniconda3/envs/howtoac3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/intake_xarray/base.py:21: FutureWarning: The return type of `Dataset.dims` will be changed to return a set of dimension names in future, in order to be more consistent with `DataArray.dims`. To access a mapping from dimension names to lengths, please use `Dataset.sizes`.
  'dims': dict(self._ds.dims),

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 133MB
Dimensions:                        (time: 17554, PN_angles: 56, diam2DS: 252,
                                    diam2DS_AI: 122)
Coordinates:
  * time                           (time) int64 140kB 36107 36108 ... 53660
  * PN_angles                      (PN_angles) int64 448B 3 4 5 ... 165 169 172
  * diam2DS                        (diam2DS) int64 2kB 50 60 70 ... 2550 2560
  * diam2DS_AI                     (diam2DS_AI) int64 976B 50 60 ... 1250 1260
Data variables: (12/49)
    altitude                       (time) float32 70kB ...
    latitude                       (time) float32 70kB ...
    longitude                      (time) float32 70kB ...
    air_temperature                (time) float32 70kB ...
    air_pressure                   (time) float32 70kB ...
    true_air_speed                 (time) float32 70kB ...
    ...                             ...
    Ext_2DSV_Ice                   (time) float32 70kB ...
    IWC_2DSV_BF95                  (time) float32 70kB ...
    Ice_2DSV_MMD_BF95              (time) float32 70kB ...
    PSD_2DSV_DC_DDp_Deq1           (time, diam2DS_AI) float32 9MB ...
    PSD_2DSV_DC_DDp_Dcc1           (time, diam2DS_AI) float32 9MB ...
    PSD_2DSV_DC_Ice_DDp_Dcc1       (time, diam2DS_AI) float32 9MB ...
Attributes:
    description:  Regis Dupuy\nLaboratoire de Meteorologie Physique (LaMP, UM...
    history:      Created 2021/09/22 18:23:53

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • time: 17554
  • PN_angles: 56
  • diam2DS: 252
  • diam2DS_AI: 122
• Coordinates: (4)
  • time
    (time)
    int64
    36107 36108 36109 ... 53659 53660

    array([36107, 36108, 36109, ..., 53658, 53659, 53660], shape=(17554,))

  • PN_angles
    (PN_angles)
    int64
    3 4 5 5 6 7 ... 158 162 165 169 172

    array([  3,   4,   5,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9,  10,  10,  15,  18,  22,  25,
            29,  32,  36,  39,  43,  46,  50,  53,  57,  60,  64,  67,  71,  74,
            78,  81,  85,  88,  92,  95,  99, 102, 106, 109, 113, 116, 120, 123,
           127, 130, 134, 137, 141, 144, 148, 151, 155, 158, 162, 165, 169, 172])

  • diam2DS
    (diam2DS)
    int64
    50 60 70 80 ... 2530 2540 2550 2560

    array([  50,   60,   70, ..., 2540, 2550, 2560], shape=(252,))

  • diam2DS_AI
    (diam2DS_AI)
    int64
    50 60 70 80 ... 1230 1240 1250 1260

    array([  50,   60,   70,   80,   90,  100,  110,  120,  130,  140,  150,  160,
            170,  180,  190,  200,  210,  220,  230,  240,  250,  260,  270,  280,
            290,  300,  310,  320,  330,  340,  350,  360,  370,  380,  390,  400,
            410,  420,  430,  440,  450,  460,  470,  480,  490,  500,  510,  520,
            530,  540,  550,  560,  570,  580,  590,  600,  610,  620,  630,  640,
            650,  660,  670,  680,  690,  700,  710,  720,  730,  740,  750,  760,
            770,  780,  790,  800,  810,  820,  830,  840,  850,  860,  870,  880,
            890,  900,  910,  920,  930,  940,  950,  960,  970,  980,  990, 1000,
           1010, 1020, 1030, 1040, 1050, 1060, 1070, 1080, 1090, 1100, 1110, 1120,
           1130, 1140, 1150, 1160, 1170, 1180, 1190, 1200, 1210, 1220, 1230, 1240,
           1250, 1260])

• Data variables: (49)
  • altitude
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • latitude
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • longitude
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • air_temperature
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • air_pressure
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • true_air_speed
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Channels
    (time, PN_angles)
    float32
    ...

    [983024 values with dtype=float32]

  • Phase_function
    (time, PN_angles)
    float32
    ...

    [983024 values with dtype=float32]

  • Ratio_channels_24_20
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Ratio_channels_07_51
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Ratio_channels_47_10
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Extinction_Coefficient
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Asymmetry_Parameter
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSD_2DSH_DC_DDp_Deq0
    (time, diam2DS)
    float32
    ...

    [4423608 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSD_2DSH_DC_DDp_Dcc0
    (time, diam2DS)
    float32
    ...

    [4423608 values with dtype=float32]

  • Total_2DSH_concentration_Deq0
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Total_2DSH_concentration_Dcc0
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Deff_2DSH_Deq0
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Deff_2DSH_Dcc0
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Total_2DSH_concentration_Deq1
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Total_2DSH_concentration_Dcc1
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Total_2DSH_Ice_concentration
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Deff_2DSH_Deq1
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Deff_2DSH_Dcc1
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Ice_2DSH_Deff_BF95
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Ext_2DSH_Ice
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • IWC_2DSH_BF95
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Ice_2DSH_MMD_BF95
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSD_2DSH_DC_DDp_Deq1
    (time, diam2DS_AI)
    float32
    ...

    [2141588 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSD_2DSH_DC_DDp_Dcc1
    (time, diam2DS_AI)
    float32
    ...

    [2141588 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSD_2DSH_DC_Ice_DDp_Dcc1
    (time, diam2DS_AI)
    float32
    ...

    [2141588 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSD_2DSV_DC_DDp_Deq0
    (time, diam2DS)
    float32
    ...

    [4423608 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSD_2DSV_DC_DDp_Dcc0
    (time, diam2DS)
    float32
    ...

    [4423608 values with dtype=float32]

  • Total_2DSV_concentration_Deq0
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Total_2DSV_concentration_Dcc0
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Deff_2DSV_Deq0
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Deff_2DSV_Dcc0
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Total_2DSV_concentration_Deq1
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Total_2DSV_concentration_Dcc1
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Total_2DSV_Ice_concentration
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Deff_2DSV_Deq1
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Deff_2DSV_Dcc1
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Ice_2DSV_Deff_BF95
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Ext_2DSV_Ice
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • IWC_2DSV_BF95
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • Ice_2DSV_MMD_BF95
    (time)
    float32
    ...

    [17554 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSD_2DSV_DC_DDp_Deq1
    (time, diam2DS_AI)
    float32
    ...

    [2141588 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSD_2DSV_DC_DDp_Dcc1
    (time, diam2DS_AI)
    float32
    ...

    [2141588 values with dtype=float32]

  • PSD_2DSV_DC_Ice_DDp_Dcc1
    (time, diam2DS_AI)
    float32
    ...

    [2141588 values with dtype=float32]

• Indexes: (4)
  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([36107, 36108, 36109, 36110, 36111, 36112, 36113, 36114, 36115, 36116,
           ...
           53651, 53652, 53653, 53654, 53655, 53656, 53657, 53658, 53659, 53660],
          dtype='int64', name='time', length=17554))

  • PN_angles
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([  3,   4,   5,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9,  10,  10,  15,  18,  22,  25,
            29,  32,  36,  39,  43,  46,  50,  53,  57,  60,  64,  67,  71,  74,
            78,  81,  85,  88,  92,  95,  99, 102, 106, 109, 113, 116, 120, 123,
           127, 130, 134, 137, 141, 144, 148, 151, 155, 158, 162, 165, 169, 172],
          dtype='int64', name='PN_angles'))

  • diam2DS
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([  50,   60,   70,   80,   90,  100,  110,  120,  130,  140,
           ...
           2470, 2480, 2490, 2500, 2510, 2520, 2530, 2540, 2550, 2560],
          dtype='int64', name='diam2DS', length=252))

  • diam2DS_AI
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([  50,   60,   70,   80,   90,  100,  110,  120,  130,  140,
           ...
           1170, 1180, 1190, 1200, 1210, 1220, 1230, 1240, 1250, 1260],
          dtype='int64', name='diam2DS_AI', length=122))

• Attributes: (2)

  description :

  Regis Dupuy Laboratoire de Meteorologie Physique (LaMP, UMR6016, CNRS/UCA/OPGC) tel : +33 (0)4.73.40.73.62 AFLUX Aircraft, PN, 2D-S 20190324 20210922 seconds after midnight (s) 52 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan latitude : Latitude AIRINS (degree) longitude : Longitude AIRINS (degree) altitude : Altitude from AIRINS (meter) air_temperature : Static air temperature from Non-deiced Rosemount impact temperature (Celsius) air_pressure : Static air pressure (hPa) true_air_speed : True air speed (m/s) PN_angles : Polar Nephelometer angles of measurements (degrees) ,Channels : Power Function (W/sr) Phase_function : Phase function (/microns/sr) Ratio_channels_24_20: Power ratio at rainbow angles Ratio_channels_07_51: Power ratio representing halo at 22° Ratio_channels_47_10: Power ratio representing halo at 46° Extinction_Coefficient: Extinction coefficient based on the phase function (reciprocal kilometer) Asymmetry_Parameter diam2DS : 2DS diameters (microns) diam2DS_AI : 2DS diameters for ALL IN particle selection (microns) PSD_2DSH_DC_DDp_Deq0 : 2DS Horizontal particle size distribution taking into account all images and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, #/L/bin) PSD_2DSH_DC_DDp_Dcc0 : 2DS Horizontal particle size distribution taking into account all images and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns, #/L/bin) Total_2DSH_concentration_Deq0 : Total 2DS Horizontal concentration taking into account all images and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, #/L) Total_2DSH_concentration_Dcc0 : Total 2DS Horizontal concentration taking into account all images and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns, #/L) Deff_2DSH_Deq0 : 2DS Horizontal Effective Diameter taking into account all images and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, microns) : computed using the ratio of the third moment over the second moment Deff_2DSH_Dcc0 : 2DS Horizontal Effective Diameter taking into account all images and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns,microns) : computed using the ratio of the third moment over the second moment PSD_2DSH_DC_DDp_Deq1 : 2DSH particle size distribution taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, microns) PSD_2DSH_DC_DDp_Dcc1 : 2DSH particle size distribution taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns, microns) PSD_2DSH_DC_Ice_DDp_Dcc1 : 2DSH Ice particle size distribution taking into account non spherical particles only Total_2DSH_concentration_Deq1 : Total 2DS Horizontal concentration taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, #/L) Total_2DSH_concentration_Dcc1 : Total 2DS Horizontal concentration taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns, #/L) Total_2DSH_Ice_concentration : Total 2DS Horizontal non spherical concentration taking into account only complete images (not truncated), using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity and using circularity parameter for classification (Crosier 2011, area larger than 16 pixels, #/L) Deff_2DSH_Deq1 : 2DS Horizontal Effective Diameter taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, microns) : computed using the ratio of the third moment over the second moment Deff_2DSH_Dcc1 : 2DS Horizontal Effective Diameter taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns, microns) : computed using the ratio of the third moment over the second moment Ice_2DSH_Deff_BF95 : 2DS Horizontal Ice Effective Diameter estimated using only non spherical particles and definition of Gayet et al. 2002 (microns) Ext_2DSH_Ice : 2DS Horizontal Ice Extinction Coefficient as defined in Gayet et al. 2002 (reciprocal kilometer)) IWC_2DSH_BF95 : 2DS Horizontal Ice Water Content estimated using only non spherical particles and Brown and Francis 1995 mass-diameter relationship (area larger than 16 pixels, g/m3) Ice_2DSH_MMD_BF95 : 2DS Horizontal Ice Mass Median Diameter estimated using only non spherical particles and Brown and Francis 1995 mass-diameter relationship (area larger than 16 pixels, microns) PSD_2DSV_DC_DDp_Deq0 : 2DS Vertical particle size distribution taking into account all images and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, #/L/bin) PSD_2DSV_DC_DDp_Dcc0 : 2DS Vertical particle size distribution taking into account all images and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns, #/L/bin) Total_2DSV_concentration_Deq0 : Total 2DS Vertical concentration taking into account all images and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, #/L) Total_2DSV_concentration_Dcc0 : Total 2DS Vertical concentration taking into account all images and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns, #/L) Deff_2DSV_Deq0 : 2DS Vertical Effective Diameter taking into account all images and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, microns) : computed using the ratio of the third moment over the second moment Deff_2DSV_Dcc0 : 2DS Vertical Effective Diameter taking into account all images and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns,microns) : computed using the ratio of the third moment over the second moment PSD_2DSV_DC_DDp_Deq1 : 2DSV particle size distribution taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, microns) PSD_2DSV_DC_DDp_Dcc1 : 2DSV particle size distribution taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns, microns) PSD_2DSV_DC_Ice_DDp_Dcc1 : 2DSV Ice particle size distribution taking into account non spherical particles only Total_2DSV_concentration_Deq1 : Total 2DS Vertical concentration taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, #/L) Total_2DSV_concentration_Dcc1 : Total 2DS Vertical concentration taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns, #/L) Total_2DSV_Ice_concentration : Total 2DS Vertical non spherical concentration taking into account only complete images (not truncated), using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity and using circularity parameter for classification (Crosier 2011, area larger than 16 pixels, #/L) Deff_2DSV_Deq1 : 2DSV Effective Diameter taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using surface equivalent diameter (sizes above 75 microns, microns) : computed using the ratio of the third moment over the second moment Deff_2DSV_Dcc1 2DSV Effective Diameter taking into account only complete images (not truncated) and using circumscribed circle diameter related to the image center of gravity (sizes above 75 microns, microns) : computed using the ratio of the third moment over the second moment Ice_2DSV_Deff_BF95 : 2DSV Ice Effective Diameter estimated using only non spherical particles and definition of Gayet et al. 2002 (microns) Ext_2DSV_Ice : 2DSV Ice Extinction Coefficient as defined in Gayet et al. 2002 (reciprocal kilometer)) IWC_2DSV_BF95 : 2DSV Ice Water Content estimated using only non spherical particles and Brown and Francis 1995 mass-diameter relationship (area larger than 16 pixels, g/m3) Ice_2DSV_MMD_BF95 : 2DSV Ice Mass Median Diameter estimated using only non spherical particles and Brown and Francis 1995 mass-diameter relationship (area larger than 16 pixels, microns) 5 Aircraft took off at 36107 Aircraft landed at 53661 WARNING QUICK LOOK DATA - DO NOT USE FOR PUBLICATION ALL IN sampling method is used for classifying ice crystal from 2DS Horizontal and 2DS Vertical images

  history :

  Created 2021/09/22 18:23:53

View variables